Archaeologists discover magnificent mosaics in the long lost Gallo-Roman city of Ucetia

Archaeologists discover magnificent mosaics in the long lost Gallo-Roman city of Ucetia

Amazing mosaic paving stones showing the first-century wolf, duck and fawn have been unearthed at a construction site in South France. The artwork made of the floor of a large Roman building inside the mysterious city of Ucetia, a settlement which was previously only known by name.

But now archaeologists have revealed a complex network of buildings within an ancient bakery, inside the secret city’s walls.  During an excavation of the modern-day of Uzes in the south of France, The surprise discovery was made.

The presence of the city was first discovered when researchers found ‘Ucitia’ inscribed on a stone slab in the nearby Nimes. But no evidence of the city was found until archaeologists excavated 43,056 sq ft (4,000m sq) to build a boarding school and a canteen.

‘Prior to our work, we knew that there had been a Roman city called Ucetia only because its name was mentioned on stela [a stone slab bearing an inscription] in Nimes, alongside 11 other names of Roman towns in the area,’ Philippe Cayn, from the French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research, told IBTimes.  

The team uncovered a settlement that they believe was occupied from first century BC to the seventh century AD.

They also discovered structures that appeared to be from the Middle Ages.

Archaeologists excavated a large wall and relics of buildings believed to have been inside the walls of Ucetia.

Discoveries included a room that was home to an ancient bread oven, which was later replaced with a dolium – a large ceramic container.

The complex network of buildings unearthed by the team suggested that the excavation site in Uzes was the central hub of the lost city. But archaeologists were most impressed by the discovery of a number or ornate mosaic paving stones.

Believed to have once made up a floor of a grand building, the stones depict woodland animals in incredible detail.

The 820 sq ft (250m sq) building where the mosaics were discovered, which was supported by a number of enormous pillars, is believed to be one of the first structures to be built in the city. 

‘This mosaic is very impressive because of its large size, its good state of conservation and the motifs which combine classical geometric shapes and with animals,’ Mr Cayn said.

‘This kind of elaborate mosaic pavement is often found in the Roman world in the 1st and 2nd centuries, but this one dates back to about 200 years before that, so this is surprising.’

The team found two large ornate mosaics decorated with patterns inspired by the natural world. The first is covered in geometric patterns which frame two central medallions made from crowns, rays and V-shaped stripes.

The second depicts a large medallion surrounded by an owl, a duck, an eagle and a fawn. Archaeologists are still not sure what the ornate Roman building was used for.

Mr Cayn said the large pillars indicate that the structure may have been a public building. But he added that is was possible the elaborate floors were part of a luxurious private home.

‘True, not that many people would have been able to live in such a large building,’ he said.

‘But it’s possible that the owner of these mosaics was quite rich.

‘He [or she] probably would have had them placed in a reception room, to impress visitors and show the extent of his wealth.’