Dozens of decapitated skeletons unearthed in mysterious Roman Cemetery

Dozens of decapitated skeletons unearthed in mysterious Roman Cemetery

Dozens of decapitated skeletons unearthed in mysterious Roman Cemetery

The 52 skeletons that were discovered in 4th century A.D. Cemetery, 17, was decapitated. And nearly every head was resting between the legs or feet of its owner’s.

It is not clear why these decapitations happened, but “this is a deliberate funeral ritual that can be associated with a particular group of the local population,” Andy Peachey, an archaeologist with Archaeological Solutions, the company responsible for excavating the cemetery,

The mysterious cemetery was found by archaeologists in the village of Great Whelnetham in Suffolk in England, ahead of the construction of a housing development. It wasn’t a complete surprise that Roman remains were found there.

The Roman settlement has existed since 1964 because researchers had uncovered Roman artifacts, such as a pottery kiln, coins, cremations and burials.

Even so, the archaeologists involved in the recent excavation were surprised to discover that so many of the deceased had been decapitated, Peachey said. An analysis of the skeletons revealed that these head choppings happened postmortem, he noted.

“The incisions through the neck were postmortem and were neatly placed just behind the jaw,” Peachey said. “An execution would cut lower through the neck and with violent force, and this is not present anywhere.”

Of the 52 skeletons discovered in the Roman cemetery, 17 had been decapitated just after the individuals died. 

It’s not uncommon for Roman cemeteries to have a number of so-called “deviant” burials. But this cemetery has more than its fair share, the archaeologists said. Of the 52 burials, only 17 were buried in the standard “supine” position, or lying on his or her back. The other 60 percent were buried face down, in a crouched position, or on their backs with their decapitated heads between their legs or feet. In addition, four of the decapitated skulls were next to skeletons that they didn’t belong to, the archaeologists said.

It’s possible that these decapitations were a practice belonging to a cult or a group that moved into the area, Peachey said. Perhaps the technique came from “a labor force or even slaves from an estate elsewhere in the Roman empire,” he said.

The decapitations might be related to pagan belief systems that held that spirits need to be released for the afterlife or even that the head was a container of the soul, a practice seen in pre-Roman Celtic tribes, the archaeologists said.

Except for two decorative Roman bone combs, none of the graves had any artifacts that could indicate what sort of social position the deceased held while they were alive.

 
Besides these deviant burials, the cemetery was quite ordinary. For example, it was discovered outside of the Roman settlement, which was typical of Roman people, who often buried the dead away from their dwellings. What’s more, the burials held a mix of men, women and children, which likely reflected the demography of the settlement, the archaeologists said.

“They were well-nourished, and several had very robust upper arms and bodies consistent with a working agricultural population,” Peachey said.

 
However, an analysis of the deceased’s teeth revealed that diets full of natural sugars and carbohydrates led to poor dental health. Many of the individuals were missing teeth and had dental abscesses. Moreover, several of the individuals carried tuberculosis, which was common in rural farming communities, Peachey said.

The archaeologists also discovered a large ditch in the area chock-full of Roman artifacts, including several glossy red Samian dishes imported from Gaul and color-coated beakers decorated with running stags.

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